Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and provides a variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core web search organization, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth locations. The company is a leading gamer in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the few tech companies internationally to use a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure models, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively focused on generative AI associated products. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early development

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that used links to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a website based on the number of other websites had linked to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was integrated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled marketers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu every time a consumer clicked an ad, preceding Google’s technique to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and photo online search engine, embracing a special recognition innovation efficient in recognizing and organizing the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which allows the search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides showing certain outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese online search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to supply mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees manage their organization relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo task (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a bid to help drive the advancement of autonomous cars consisting of automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this task in July 2017, before slowly introducing fully self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as many as 100 autonomous driving tasks over the ensuing three years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, automobile industry providers, on automated driving and linked cars. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several different languages. Smaller than a typical smart device, the 140-gram translation device can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be placing expert system (AI) technology into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the very same duration, it has likewise led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the very same month, Baidu revealed that its very first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to talk about the business’s mission and method, innovation advancements, new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” part of its overseas company, which established a series of utility apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This business now operates individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It also includes the most recent second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external environments to offer predictive suggestions to proactively serve the needs of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric car company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first concept ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical vehicle platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually completed 6 million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a site claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate website unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later reacted by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, despite stopping working security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, permitting them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The lawsuit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu workers jailed

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 staff members of Baidu were detained on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The bribes were supposedly paid for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intent to acquire 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app store faces privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a definitive merger arrangement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually means “a hundred times”, or additionally, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, all of a sudden turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that enables marketers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results page pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are likewise based upon payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and uncertainty amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems regarding dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as many as the first two pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its advertising products through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a registered service address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most used search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is likewise apparent that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is discussing the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese version of the global social network, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would deal with off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for a review of the habits of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually used anticompetitive strategies in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually begun to purchase deep knowing research study and is incorporating new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live requested a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This innovation immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that might violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they acquired licenses from China to supply the first driverless taxis. The company aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars and trucks set to start using rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in rural begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can block works from its query results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to penalize the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet cops departments to identify information related to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and gadgets with notifies resolving false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to “carry out unique supervision” on news and info related to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results apparently contributed to the death of a trainee who attempted a speculative cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an unusual form of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The incident set off massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the nation established by medical business owners connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose several restrictions on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to promotional material and establishing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified health centers. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of diseases will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public well-being companies. In reaction to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private health centers have entered a period of industry improvement and updating, and are neither depending on posting bar advertisements nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have an unfavorable impact on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android devices developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings boosting background programs on user gadgets since at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of a number of Chinese websites that were banned or obstructed in India for nationwide security reasons. [119]

2024 head of interactions debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered major backlashes across the Chinese social networks for backing poisonous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day organization trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited further conversations amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly apologized after the occurrence and has actually presumably lost her job. Baidu’s stock rate fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the incident. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.