Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international technology business focusing on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and provides a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).

Besides its core internet search company, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth areas. The company is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in expert system, Baidu is one of the couple of tech companies globally to offer a full-stack AI stack, including software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually progressively concentrated on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also worked on developing better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized hyperlinks to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a website based upon the number of other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted advertisers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu each time a customer clicked on an ad, preceding Google’s method to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news online search engine and image search engine, adopting an unique identification technology efficient in recognizing and grouping the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which permits the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to offer its own reports, besides revealing specific results as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search results. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar workers handle their business relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business introduced a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving lorry platform, in a bid to help drive the development of autonomous automobiles including lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu plans to release this task in July 2017, before slowly presenting completely autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 self-governing driving jobs over the 3 years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car market suppliers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a partnership with Snap Inc. to act as the business’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of various languages. Smaller than a normal smart device, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be inserting synthetic intelligence (AI) technology into mobile phones, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the very same period, it has also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would introduce self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its very first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, employees, partners, developers, and media to go over the business’s objective and strategy, technology developments, brand-new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU service” portion of its overseas company, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This company now operates individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s noting the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar idea stated to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also comes with the latest second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to offer predictive tips to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric car company originally backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first concept ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production lorry. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical lorry platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed 6 million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a site claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the correct site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page saying “This site has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by attacking Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on introduced legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical support personnel altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, in spite of stopping working security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been altered, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, allowing them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com released an apology. [62]

Baidu employees detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were detained on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The allurements were presumably spent for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intention to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually means “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits marketers to have their ads shown in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are likewise based on payments by advertisers. This has actually prompted criticism and suspicion among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems concerning reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as many as the first two pages of search results page tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its marketing items through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up business address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most used online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu played down its take advantage of Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.

It is likewise evident that Baidu is attempting to enter the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is going over the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the global social network, managed by Baidu. [79] This plan, if executed, would deal with off Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually utilized anticompetitive strategies in Brazil against the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise understood as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has begun to purchase deep learning research and is incorporating brand-new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This innovation instantly scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and filters out content that may break copyright law. This enables Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they got authorizations from China to provide the very first driverless taxis. The company goal to offer driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous vehicles set to start providing trips to travelers within a 23-square-mile area in rural start starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can block works from its query results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet police departments to discover details associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with alerts dispelling misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, along with other Internet companies, to “conduct special guidance” on news and details associated to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results reportedly contributed to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he found online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the hospital had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the healthcare facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The event activated enormous online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical advertising offsets 30% of Baidu’s ad income, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of hospitals throughout the nation established by medical business owners associated with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose numerous limitations on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising content and establishing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of diseases will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public well-being companies. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal healthcare facilities have actually entered a duration of market improvement and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative influence on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary company, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running income enhancing background programs on user devices because a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet advertisements – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits generated by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese websites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for national security reasons. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated significant reactions throughout the Chinese social networks for endorsing poisonous office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a coworker to be on a 50-day organization journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused even more discussions amongst Chinese netizens concerning Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the incident and has apparently lost her job. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the incident. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.